underground installation presents several challenges, which require careful planning and specialized equipment:

• Navigating Existing Infrastructure: Urban areas have a complex network of existing utilities (water, gas, electricity). Detailed site surveys using tools like Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) are essential to map out underground obstacles and prevent accidental damage during drilling or trenching.

• Terrain and Soil Conditions: Rocky terrain, hard surfaces, or high water tables can make traditional trenching difficult and time-consuming. Using methods like HDD or specialized plowing equipment is crucial in these conditions.

• High Installation and Repair Costs: While underground cables are more secure, the initial installation can be expensive due to the required excavation and specialized equipment. Additionally, repairs are labor-intensive and costly. Using durable, high-quality conduit and robust cable installation techniques from the outset can significantly reduce future maintenance and repair costs.